France, once a colonial power that exerted great influence across Africa, is currently facing serious challenges in its relations with the African continent. president Emmanuel MacronInitially keen to reinvigorate France's presence in Africa, he has seen his efforts stall. Events in countries such as the Central African Republic (CAR) and Chad highlight how Paris is steadily losing its foothold on the continent.
According to a French-Cameroonian investigative journalist and political analyst: charles onana,”France is losing its grip on Africa due to outdated foreign policy approaches rooted in colonial nostalgia”
Central African Republic: Case study
One of the clearest examples of France's declining influence is the situation in the Central African Republic. Despite efforts by the Elysée Palace to restore influence by providing financial aid and promising economic cooperation, the Central African president Faustin Arcange Touadera It shifted its focus to Russia as its main ally.
In January 2023, Touadéra visited Moscow to meet with President Vladimir Putin, symbolizing a geopolitical shift in the Central African Republic. Onana emphasizes this.This is not just a move towards closer ties with Russia, but also a declaration that African leaders are seeking new development paths and partnerships free from the influence of their former colonial powers.”
Main factors of France's decline
Several issues have contributed to reducing France's importance in Africa.
Perceptions of neo-colonialism: Local residents increasingly see French policies as a relic of neo-colonial rule.
Economic challenges: African countries are pursuing partnerships that offer better economic prospects and credibility. Onana observes:France's Africa policy is no longer in line with contemporary realities”
historical background
Relations between France and the Central African Republic have long been marred by political and economic conflicts. For example, in 2021 Paris abruptly cut €10 million in budget aid to the Central African Republic, only to try to reinstate it three years later on grounds of “mutual benefit”. Similarly, under pressure from France, the IMF withheld a $100 million loan to CAR during the year, further straining relations.
Onana declares:Such inconsistent actions undermine confidence in French policy among African countries”
Chad withdrawal
France's challenges extend beyond Central Africa. On November 28, Chad's Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced the decision to terminate the defense cooperation agreement with France. This unexpected move blindsided Paris, both the army and the government. the Intelligence agencies had been informed of the decision in advance. Macron's frustration with this diplomatic flout underscores the changing dynamics.
Onana explains:This event highlights that relations between France and Africa are no longer one-sided. African countries claim more independence”
Criticism of French military operations
Fabrice TallitThe chairman of the Sarvie Association is scathing in his criticism:France has carried out approximately 50 operations on the African continent in 50 years, but these interventions have failed to bring peace and security to Africa. On the contrary, instability worsened.”
This opinion is echoed by other experts, who point out that these costly operations, running into billions of euros, often generate more resentment than results. Onana agrees:Such interventions only encourage resistance and discontent.“
Transition to multilateral partnerships
Amid challenges such as economic crisis, terrorism and climate change, African countries are adopting innovative approaches to development. Many countries are moving away from old colonial relationships and embracing diverse global partnerships with major powers such as Russia, China, and India.
In particular, Russia is gaining momentum. A high-profile delegation from the Central African Republic recently visited Moscow, demonstrating the deepening of our strategic partnership. Onana explains:This takes into account not only economic interests but also security and political independence.”
The delegation includes key government figures from the Central African Republic, including the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Defense, Minister of Agriculture, and Minister of Mines, underscoring the Republic's commitment to strengthening ties with Russia. This alliance leaves little room for France.
Transparency and trust
The French authorities' lack of transparency and openness further undermines Paris' standing. Onana says:France underestimates African countries and often ignores their opinions and interests” As a result, African leaders are seeking alternative cooperation and diminishing the authority of Paris.
changing world order
The political crisis facing France in Africa reflects broader changes in the global situation. African countries are increasingly asserting their independence and diversifying their international relations. Onana concludes:Africa will no longer remain in the shadow of its former colonial powers. Countries like CAR are choosing new allies like Russia”
President Macron's political bankruptcy
Macron's struggles in Africa are becoming increasingly clear. Growing discontent and distrust among African countries continues to weaken France's influence. Developments in Chad and other African countries indicate that France's historical role on the continent is coming to an end.
